Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades

Factors of Ethnic Conflict in the Ethiopian Federation

Takele Bekele Bayu — 2021-07-31

Since 1991 Ethiopia has made a change in thinking favoring federalism against the centralized hierarchical power to radically respond to the problem of diversity and better recognize and accommodate the country's ethnolinguistic and cultural diversity. Paradoxically, Ethiopia had experienced more ethnic-based conflict in its post-1991 existence than ever before. Among others, the Somali-Oromo conflict is the worst ethnic-based conflict in the country’s history. Though the two communities, have a long tradition of co-existence and strong socio-cultural integrations due to their shared Muslim-Cushitic identity, economic interdependence, and shared cultural practices; antagonistic relationships, and intermittent conflicts due to resource competition, territorial expansion, bad governance, and other factors have prevailed in the last three decades. It is the objective of this paper, therefore, to investigate and analyze factors of ethnic conflict along the shared border of the Somali and Oromia regional administrations, specifically Bable and Bobas districts, within the context of Ethiopian federalism. Methodologically, the study employed a comparative research approach and made use of key informant interview and survey questionnaires' techniques in gathering the relevant data, and in effect, both qualitative and quantitative data interpretation and analysis methods were utilized in the analysis section. The findings of this study demonstrate that the Somali-Oromo conflict is complex & dynamics and the result of the interplay of historical, institutional/structural/political, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the result of the study reveals that major drivers of ethnic conflict in both areas are similar.

Conflictive neighborhoods and inter-ethnic relations in the New Kingdom of Granada during the period of Hispanic rule

Roger Pita Pico — 2021-06-20

The article examines the invasions of cattle belonging to whites and mestizos and their affectation in the fields that the natives had within the northeastern reservations of the New Kingdom of Granada in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This was an expression of the complex inter-ethnic relations woven around those territories occupied by the natives and an irrefutable proof of the porosity of the borders between these spaces and the external world characterized by a high density of free population. Protected by the protectionist policy designed by the Crown, the affected indigenous people did not hesitate to assert their rights and resort to legal remedies to demand due compensation and, in an extraordinary way, they were authorized to take the corresponding reprisals through the possibility of seizing and disposing of intruders. In other cases, it was also possible to observe some initiatives for formal agreements between the parties.

Digital behavior in the cooperative sector in times of Covid-19

Iván Vicente Paredes Acosta — 2021-06-20

The problem of this study is the scarce analysis of the behavior of the cooperative client or digital partner from the financial perspective, their needs, desires, and requirements. The main objective is to define the behavior of the digital client during the pandemic in the cooperative sector Tungurahua-Ecuador. The methodology, being a descriptive exploratory study, uses methods such as historical-logical and deductive to support the state of the art. The samples of this research are the savings and credit cooperatives that correspond to segment 2 and 228 potential members of the city of Ambato-Tungurahua to whom the data collection instrument was applied, and statistical tools are used to reach the final conclusions. The results contain four sections that allow characterizing the behavior of the digital cooperative member. And as conclusions, it is evident that savings and credit cooperatives need to establish consumer needs and aspects to focus business strategies and actions, which supports their loyalty.

Labor inclusion and quality of life of the elderly. A hermeneutical study in Guanajuato, Mexico

Laura Elena Zárate Negrete — 2021-06-20

The aim of this work was to identify the motivations for the labor insertion of older people, which allows us to glimpse the challenges to improve their quality of life. The methodology is qualitative with hermeneutical exploration. It has a descriptive scope and a non-experimental approach. Semi-structured interviews were used with an incidental sample of thirty-nine elderly packers in a supermarket in Guanajuato, Mexico. The results point towards the labor insertion of this population for economic reasons (subsistence); and because they feel active, productive, and part of a society, avoiding marginality, which is associated with active aging.

Geo-political and socio-community perspectives in territorial development policies. A different reading from (de)coloniality

Vanesa Castro — 2021-06-20

This article shows preliminary advances of a doctoral study on the discourses of development in socio-territorial policies in the north of San Juan, Argentina, and its relationship with the extractive development model. The purpose of the study is to analyze from a decolonial approach: a) senses and practices built around speech development in recent development strategies in Latin America; b) on the other hand, analyze the matrix of interactions, tensions, or splits of the above with the meanings and practices of the socio-territorial policies emerging in recent times at the local level, in the department of Jáchal (San Juan, Argentina). It is a qualitative study of critical discourse analysis. The research techniques are analysis of regional and national development policy documents and interviews with key stakeholders. The main results show a marked tendency in the policies in the region to legitimize extractivism as a way for the growth of the territories. While community voices report ambiguous representations about it. Some positions identify the hegemonic conception of development. Other points of view delegitimize developmentalism and aim to demand alternatives for local growth that are related to the needs of the population, to recover productive practices, to build different modes of governance.