Religación

The arrest warrant for investigative purposes and its impact on due process

Evelyn Yelenia González Kow — 2024-09-03

The penal guide determines the lawfulness of the arrest warrant, on the cases and under what circumstances it is issued, in the practice of criminal procedure, there may be a certain degree of affectation in its applicability that falls on due process. It can be considered as a precautionary measure, which tends to presume the enjoyment of some rights such as personal liberty as well as innocence, since a subject is retained for the clarification of a doubt. The target of this study is to discuss the level and legal nature of the arrest warrant for investigative purposes. The Penal Regulatory and Correctional Statute reveals the conditions and requirements of the arrest warrant, when it is carried out and the duration of the order, affecting due process and the right to defense, exposing the problem on which this analysis is focused, which is, when the detention concludes in the formulation of charges against the individual.

Evolution of Public Debt and Its Impact on Ecuador's Economic Growth during the Period 1990-2022

Edison Daniel Muñoz Mero — 2024-09-03

Public debt is fundamental to a country’s economic growth, but its influence depends on debt sustainability, as it can either boost or limit economic expansion. For this reason, the objective of the study is to analyze the evolution of public debt and its impact on Ecuador’s economic growth during the period 1990-2022, using an econometric approach to identify and quantify the causal relationships between the variables. The research has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental and longitudinal design, and a descriptive and explanatory scope. The information was obtained through a systematic review of the literature, and data were collected from major national and global macroeconomic databases. The results show that as debt levels increased, the GDP growth rate decreased. Additionally, both domestic and external public debt have a negative effect on national production, unlike FDI, GFCF, and government consumption, which stimulate GDP. It is concluded that aiming for debt sustainability is crucial to counteract its negative effects and ensure sustainable economic growth in the long term.

Evaluation of computer vulnerabilities in QR codes of the “Wallink” mobile banking application

Carlos Fajardo — 2024-08-31

The growth of financial banking in Ecuador has been evidenced by the digitalization of its services, which brings with it new cybersecurity challenges. Mobile banking applications use various authentication methods, such as QR codes, which may present vulnerabilities that must be discovered to avoid being exploited by cybercriminals. This research aimed to evaluate the security of QR codes in the mobile banking application “Wallink” by applying the security testing methodology of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's SP 800-115 standard. A total of 672 QR codes were generated over six days for decoding, pattern and encryption analysis, as well as static and dynamic analysis of the application. The results revealed a constant prefix “PHIQR” followed by 48 characters, which could represent an initial entropy reduction vulnerability. A 95.17% probability that the codes use polyalphabetic substitution was determined. The static analysis obtained a medium risk score (46/100), identifying vulnerabilities such as the “Janus exploit” and permissions considered excessive. The dynamic analysis showed an adequate configuration of TLS/SSL protocols, but inappropriate storage practices. These findings allowed the risk level to be measured at 2.83/5, determining a medium risk for the use of QR codes. The risk assessment underscores the importance of strengthening security through more robust encryption algorithms and better secure development practices.

Cyberwarfare: a conceptual approach

Yamil Fernando Garcia Latorre — 2024-08-24

The general objective of this research was to analyze some theoretical propositions about cyberwar and its effects on Venezuelan dynamics. It was based on the documentary-type quantitative approach. Among the conclusions, they highlight that this form of attack is aimed at reducing the capacity of the State - Nation that emerged with the Treaty of Westphalia, in which the principle of sovereignty is born based on three elements that make up this principle: government, population and territory, generating ungovernable situations. The information environment that is hosted in cyberspace is a global domain that is characterized by independent networks in which interoperability is essential. Additionally, cyberwar responds to new global geopolitical trends, in which there is interest in the destruction of the entity of the Nation-State as a space for national sovereignty.

The impact of national identity on national security in Venezuela

Jesús Manuel Rodríguez — 2024-08-23

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of national identity on the security of the nation in Venezuela. It is undeniable that the construction of national identity begins with the independence process, a historical milestone in which a series of expressions began. identity of Venezuelan that are the result of the agglutination of different regions that are extrapolated to the rest, the essential characteristic of Venezuelan society is precisely the multiculturalism of citizens that allows interaction between various social groups, around this societal dynamic built Venezuelan citizenship. The methodology is framed in a non-experimental design, descriptive level, the type of research is framed in a feasible project supported by field research; Since, information was collected through the survey technique by applying a questionnaire to a sample of 385 people. As results, the strengthening of national identity is necessary. As conclusions, it is necessary to develop strategies to strengthen national identity.