Tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en adultos: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una condición neurobiológica que persiste en la adultez y se caracteriza por dificultades atencionales e hiperactividad/impulsividad. Aunque el tratamiento farmacológico es de base, las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas han cobrado especial relevancia por sus beneficios en la regulación emocional y el funcionamiento ejecutivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el TDAH en adultos mediante una revisión sistemática. Se siguieron los criterios de PRISMA 2020 y CONSORT 2010 para evaluar la calidad y el sesgo; empleando Rayyan en el cribado. La búsqueda se realizó en Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed y ScienceDirect, incluyendo ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados entre 2010 y 2025 sobre intervenciones psicológicas en adultos con TDAH sin comorbilidades. Se incluyeron 27 estudios. La Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC) mostró reducciones consistentes en inatención, impulsividad y síntomas emocionales, con efectos sostenidos; la Terapia Dialéctica Conductual y la Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Mindfulness evidenciaron mejoras en función ejecutiva, atención y control inhibitorio; Neurofeedback y programas alternativos aportaron beneficios específicos, sin impacto en síntomas centrales. La evidencia respalda a la TCC como una de las intervenciones psicológicas de primera elección para el tratamiento multimodal debido a su alta reproducibilidad.
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