Wenceslau de Morães: acculturation between ideals and life experiences

  • Joaquim Filipe Peres de Castro Universidade Fernando Pessoa - Brasil
Keywords: acculturation, fusion, multicultural, Wenceslau de Morães, assimilation

Abstract

Acculturation is often a complex and contradictory phenomenon. The Morães’s work and life reported it. At individual level, Morães reported a fusionist life during nationalist and colonial times. However, at social level he preferred a reduced cultural relationship among Japan and Westerns, in order to maintain the Japanese culture. The Morães’s attitude also reported the current limits of the multicultural model, because contact led to changes, and not only to cultural maintenance. It unveiled also the limits of assimilation, because Japan imitated, but maintained its culture. The contradictions reported that the dilemma about cultural contact and change was unsolved, and the current article did not provide a major solution for aggressive relationships. However, the article stated that Europeans should be reported on the position of who is learning a second culture in order to build a common Global History.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Joaquim Filipe Peres de Castro, Universidade Fernando Pessoa - Brasil

Doutorado em Ciências Sociais com especialidade em Psicologia. Investigador responsável pelo projeto de investigação intitulado, “A possibilidade de uma segunda cultura — Estudo sobre o conceito de aculturação a partir do caso dos portugueses em França”, o qual decorre no Centro de Estudos das Minorias (CENMIN) na Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Email: titodecastro@hotmail.com

References

Adler, Alfred. 1925. The practice and theory of individual psychology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Allport, Gordon. 1942. The use of personal documents in psychological science. New York: Social Science Research Council.

Almeida, Miguel. 2004. An earth-colored sea: “Race,” culture, and the politics of identity in the postcolonial Portuguese-colored sea. Oxford, UK: Berghahn Books.

Álvares, Jorge. 1960. “Informação”. In Adelino. Calado (ed.), Livro que trata das cousas da India e do Japão, Vol. XXIV. Coimbra: Boletim da Biblioteca da Universidade de Coimbra, 99-112. Originally published in 1547.

Arends-Tóth, Judit, and Van de Vijver, Fons. 2006. “Issues in conceptualization and assessment of acculturation”. In Marc, Bornstein, and Linda, Cote (eds.), Acculturation and parent-child relationships: Measurement and development. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 33-62.

Augé, Marc. 1995. Non-places: Introduction to an Anthropology of supermodernity. London: Verso.

Barnard, Alan. 2004. History and theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Barth, Fredrik. 1969. Ethnic groups and boundaries. The social organization of culture difference. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

Bastide, Roger. 1971. As religiões africanas no Brasil. São Paulo: Pioneira.

Bastide, Roger. 1973. “Les relations raciales en Amérique anglo-saxonne et en Amérique latine”. Académie des sciences d’outre-mer 33, 215-229.

Bateson, Gregory. 1935. “Culture contact and schizmogenesis”. In Steps to an ecology of mind; collected essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. London: Jason Aronson, 71-82.

Bauman, Zygmunt. 2004. Amor líquido: Sobre a fragilidade dos laços humanos. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar.

Benedict, Ruth. 1946. The chrysanthemum and the sword: Patterns of Japanese culture. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Bernard, Russell. 2006. Research methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Bhabha, Homi. 1994. The location of culture. London: Routledge.

Bloch, René. 2004. “Posidonian thoughts ancient and modern”. Journal for the Study of Judaism 35, 284-294.

Boas, Franz. 1982. Race, language, and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Originally published in 1940.

Bourhis, Richard., Moise, Léna., Perreault, Stéphane, and Senécal, Sacha. 1997. “Towards an interactive acculturation model: A social psychological approach”. International Journal of Psychology 32, 369-386.

Bowskill, Matt., Lyons, Evanthia, and Coyle, Adrian. 2007. “The rhetoric of acculturation: When integration means assimilation”. British Journal of Social Psychology 46, 793-813.

Brégent, Martine., Mokounkolo, René, and Pasquier, Daniel. 2008. “Recherche et classification d’indicateurs d’acculturation à partir du contexte francophone”. Psychologie Française 53, 51-69.

Brislin, Richard. 1976. “Comparative research methodology cross-cultural studies”. International Journal of Psychology 11, 215-229.

Buchsenschutz, Olivier. 2004. “Les celtes et la formation de l’Empire romain”. Annales Histoire, Sciences Sociales 59, 337-361.

Burman, Erica. 2007. “Between orientalism and normalization: Cross-cultural lessons from Japan for a critical history of psychology”. History of Psychology 10, 179-198.

Case, Angus, and Deaton, Anne. 2015. “Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century”. PNAS 112, 15078-15083.

Castro, Joaquim. 2016b. “A aprendizagem duma segunda cultura e a identidade étnica dos indígenas brasileiros através duma rede social: estudo exploratório”. Religacion, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 2, 75-94.

Castro, Joaquim, and Rudmin, Floyd. 2016e, June. What can contemporary USA learn from the history of Portuguese imperial power in Japan and in Brazil? Paper presented at 39th Annual Conference of the International Psycho historical Association, New York University.

Chamberlin, A. F. (1905). The contributions of the American Indian to civilization. Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, 16, 91-126.

Christie, Dan. 2006. “What is Peace Psychology the Psychology of?” Journal of Social Issues 62, 1-17.

Clastres, Pierre. 1974. La société contre l’état. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.

Clausewitz, Carl. 1943. On war. New York: Random House. Originally published in 1832.

Coenders, Marcel., Lubbers, Marcel., Scheepers, Peer, and Verkuyten, Maykel. 2008. “More than two decades of changing ethnic attitudes in the Netherlands”. Journal of Social Issues 64, 269-285.

Cohen, Daniel. 2015. Le monde est clos et le désir infini. Paris: Éditions Albin Michel.

Coppens, Yves. 2012. Le présent du passé au carré: La fabrication de la préhistoire. Paris: Odile Jacob.

Cresswell, James. 2009. “Towards a post-critical praxis: Intentional sta tes and recommendations for change in acculturation psychology”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33, 162-172.

Deleuze, Gilles. 1994. Difference and repetition. New York: Columbia University Press. Originally published in 1968.

Deliège, Robert. 2013. Une histoire de l’anthropologie - écoles, auteurs, théories. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.

D’Errico, Francesco., Zilhão, João., Michele, Julien., Mominique, Baffier, and Pelegrin, Jacques. 1998. “Neanderthal acculturation in Western Europe? A critical review of the evidence and its interpretation”. Current Anthropology 39, 298-311.

DeTocqueville, Alexis. 2002. Democracy in America, Vol I. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University. Originally published in 1835.

Eco, Umberto. 2000. Cinq-questions-de-morale. Paris: Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle.

Elias, Norbert, and Scotson, John. 1994. The established and the outsiders: A sociological enquiry into community problems. London: Sage Publications. Originally published in 1965.

Ember, Carol, and Ember, Melvin. 2009. Cross-cultural research methods. Lanham: AltaMira Press.

Eriksen, Thomas, and Nielsen, Finn. S. 2013. A history of Anthropology: Second edition. New York: Plutopress.

Foucault, Michel. 1966. Les mots et les choses : Une archéologie des sciences humaines. Paris: Gallimard.

Foucault, Michel. 1980. Power/Knowledge. Brighton: Harvester.

Freyre, Gilberto. 1959. A aventura e rotina. Lisboa: Livros do Brasil.

Freyre, Gilberto. 1961. Portuguese integration in the tropics. Lisbon: Tipografia. Silvas.

Freyre, Gilberto. 1986. The masters and the slaves: A study in the development of Brazilian civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press. Originally published in 1933.

Fróis, Luis. 1981. História do japam, Vol. II. Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional. Originally published in 1594.

Fróis, Luis. 1982. História do japam, Vol. III. Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional. Originally published in 1594.

Fróis, Luis. 1983. História do japam, Vol. IV. Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional. Originally published in 1594.

Fróis, Luis. 1984. História do japam, Vol. V. Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional. Originally published in 1594.

Froís, Luis. 2001. Tratado das contradições e diferenças de costumes entre a Europa e o Japão. Macau: Instituto Português do Oriente. Originally published in 1564.

Fukuyama, Francis. 1992. The end of history and the last man. New York: Free Press.

Glazer, Nathan. 1997. We are all multiculturalists now. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Glick, Thomas, and Pi-Sunyer, Oriol. 1969. “Acculturation as an explanatory concept in Spanish History”. Comparative Studies in Society and History 11, 136-154.

Goody, Jack. 2006. The theft of History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Gordon, Milton. 1964. Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion and national origins. New York: Oxford University Press.

Goulding, Christina. 2002. Grounded theory: A practical guide for management, business and market researchers. London: Sage Publications.

Graves, Theodore. 1967. “Psychological acculturation in a tri-ethnic community”. South-Western Journal of Anthropology 23, 337-350.

Grenon, Michel. 1995. “La notion d’acculturation entre l’anthropologie et l’historiographie”. Lekton 2, 13-42.

Gruzinski, Serge. 1999. La pensée métisse. Paris: Éditions Fayard.

Gruzinski, Serge. 2004. Les quatre parties du monde - Histoire d’une mondialisation. Paris: La Martinière.

Gunn, Geoffrey. 2003. First globalization: The Eurasian exchange, 1500-1800. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Habermas, Jürgen. 1991. The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Originally published in 1962.

Hall, Stuart. 1992. The west and the rest: Discourse and power. In Stuart. Hall, and Bram, Gieben (eds.), Formations of modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 275-330.

Hallowell, Alfred. 1957. The impact of the American Indian on American culture. American Anthropologist 59, 201-217.

Herskovits, Melville. 1938. Acculturation: The study of culture contact. New York: J. J. Augustin Publisher.

Herskovits, Melville. 1967. “Pesquisas etnológicas na Bahia”. Afroásia 4/5, 89-106.

Hobsbawm, Eric. 1995. The age of extremes: The short twentieth century, 1914-1991. London: Abacus.

Huntington, Samuel. 1996. The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. London: Simon & Schuster.

Janeira, Martins. 1966. Um intérprete português do Japão – Wenceslau de Moraes. Macau: Imprensa Nacional, Instituto Luís de Camões.

Janeira, Martins. 1970. Japanese and Western literature: A comparative study. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company.

Leal, João. 2011. “The past is a foreign country? Acculturation theory and the anthropology of globalization”. Etnográfica 15, 313-336.

Lesser, Alexander. 1933. The Pawnee ghost dance hand game, a study of cultural change. New York University Press.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1952. Race and history. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1998. Préface. In L. Fróis, Européens e Japonais: Traité sur les contradictions et différences de moeurs. Paris: Chandeigne, 7-11.

Lidin, Olof. 2002. Tanegashima, the arrival of Europe in Japan. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.

Loti, Pierre. 1888. Madame chrysanthème. Paris: Calmann-Lévy.

Lovelock, James. 2000. Gaia: A new look at life on earth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lyotard, Jean. 1988. O pós-moderno. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio.

Maalouf, Amin. 1999. Les croisades vues par les Arabes. La barbarie franque en terre Sainte. Paris: J’ai lu.

Maffesoli, Michel. 2014. L’ordre des choses, penser la postmodernité. Paris: CNRS Éditions.

Makel, Matthew. 2014. “Empirical march: Making science better at self-correction”. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 8, 2-7.

Malinowski, Bronisław. 1958. The dynamics of cultural change: An inquiry into race relations in Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press. Originally published in 1945.

Markides, Kyriakos & Coreil, Jeanine. 1986. “The health of Hispanics in the Southwestern United States: an epidemiologic paradox”. Public Health Reports 101, 253-265.

Mason, Leonard. 1955. “The characterization of American culture in studies of acculturation”. America Anthropologist 57, 1264-1279.

Matsumoto, David. 2002. The new Japan: Debunking seven cultural stereotypes. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

Matsumoto, David. 2006. “Culture and cultural worldviews: Do verbal descriptions about culture reflect anything other than verbal descriptions of culture?” Culture & Psychology 12, 33-62.

Matsumoto, David, and Yoo, Seung. 2006. “Toward a new generation of cross-cultural research”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 1, 234-250.

McGee, William. 1898. “Piratical acculturation”. American Anthropologist 11, 243-249.

McGuire, William. 1973. “The yan and yang of progress in social psychology: Seven koan”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 26, 446-456.

Meer, Nasar, and Modood, Tariq. 2012. “How does interculturalism contrast with multiculturalism?” Journal of Intercultural Studies 33, 175-196.

Merriam, Alan. 1955. “The use of music in the study of a problem of acculturation”. American Anthropologist 57, 28-34.

Moisi, Dominique 2009. La géopolitique de l’émotion: Comment les cultures de peur, d’humiliation et d’espoir façonnent le monde. Paris: Flammarion.

Montaigne, Michel. n/d. Essais, livre premier. Édition du groupe Ebooks libres et gratuits. Originally published in 1595. Retrieved June 22, 2010, from http://www.ebooksgratuits.com/ebooks.php.

Morães, Wenceslau. 1897. Dai-Nippon (O grande Japão). Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional.

Morães, Wenceslau. 1904. Cartas do Japão I: Antes da guerra (1902- 1904). Porto: Livraria Magalhães & Moniz.

Morães, Wenceslau. 1905a. O culto do chá. Kobe: Kobe Herald.

Morães, Wenceslau. 1905b. Cartas do Japão II: Um ano de guerra (1904-1905). Porto: Livraria Magalhães & Moniz.

Morães, Wenceslau. 1906. Paisagens da China e do Japão. Lisboa: Viúva Tavares e Cardoso.

Morães, Wenceslau. 1916. O bon-odori em Tokushima (Caderno de impressões íntimas). Porto: Livraria Magalhães & Moniz.

Morães, Wenceslau. 1925. Relance da alma japonesa. Lisboa: Sociedade Editora Autor Brandão.

Morin, Edgar. 1990. Introduction à la pensée complexe. Paris: ESF.

Morin, Edgar. 2003. Science avec conscience, nouvelle édition. Paris: Fayard

Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. An American dilemma: The Negro problem and modern democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers.

Navas, M., García, M. C., Sánchez, J., Rojas, A. J., Pumares, P., & Fernández, J. S. (2005). Relative acculturation extended model (RAEM): New contributions with regard to the study of acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 21-37.

Neuendorf, Kimberly. 2002. The content analysis: Guidebook. London: Sage Publications.

Nitobé, Inazo. 1914. Bushido the soul of Japan. Tokyo: Teibi. Originally published in 1904.

Okakura, Kakuzō. 1906. The book of tea. Duffield & Company.

Ortiz, Fernando. 1995. Cuban counterpoint: Tobacco and sugar. Durham and London: Duke University Press. Originally published in 1940.

Osgood, Charles. 1967. Cross-cultural comparability in attitude measurement via multilingual semantic differentials. In Martin, Fishbein (ed.), Readings in attitude theory and measurement. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 103-116.

Ozer, Simon. 2013. “Theories and methodologies in acculturation Psychology: The emergence of a scientific revolution?.” Psychological Studies 58, 339-348.

Pääbo, Svante. 2013. “Human origins from a genomic perspective”. Scripta Varia 121, 1-5.

Park, Robert. 1928. “Human migration and the marginal man”. The American Journal of Sociology 33, 881-893.

Pike, Kenneth. 1954. Language in relation to a unified theory of structure of human behavior - Vol. 1. Glendale, CA: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

Pinto, Fernão. 1989. The travels of Mendes Pinto (Catz, ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Originally published in 1614.

Polgar, Steven. 1960. “Biculturation of Mesquakie teenage boys”. American Anthropologist 62, 217-235.

Powell, John. 1880. Introduction to the study of Indian languages: With words phrases and sentences to be collected. Washington: Government Printing Office.

Redfield, James. 1985. “Herodotus the tourist”. Classical Philology 80, 97-118.

Redfield, Robert., Linton, Ralph, and Herskovits, Melville. 1936. “Memorandum for the study of acculturation”. American Anthropologist 38, 149-152.

Richeson, Jennifer , and Sommers, Samuel. 2016. “Toward a social psychology of race and race relations for the twenty-first century”. Annual Review of Psychology 67, 439-463.

Roux, Patrick. 2004. “La romanization en question”. Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 59, 287-311.

Rudmin, Floyd. 2003a. Catalogue of acculturation constructs: Descriptions of 126 taxonomies, 1918-2003. In Walter, Lonner., Dale. Dinnel.,

Susanna, Hayes, and Dadid, Sattler (eds.), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 8, Chapter 8), (http://www.wwu.edu/~culture), Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA.

Rudmin, Floyd. 2003b. “Critical history of the acculturation psychology of assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization”. Review of General Psychology 7, 3-37.

Rudmin, Floyd. 2009. “Constructs, measurements and models of acculturation and acculturative stress”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33, 106-123.

Rudmin, Floyd., Villemo, Connie, and Olsen, Bror. 2007. “Acculturation of the majority population: How Norwegians adopt minority ways”. Psykologisk Tidsskrift 11, 43–51.

Rudmin, Floyd., Wang, Bo, and Castro, Joaquim. 2016. “Acculturation research critiques and alternative research designs ”. In Seth, Schwartz, and Jennifer, Unger, (eds.), Handbook of acculturation and health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sabatier, Colette, and Boutry, V. 2006. “Acculturation in Francophone European societies”. In Dadid, Sam, and John, Berry (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 349-367.

Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon.

Schwartz, Seth, and Zamboanga, Byron. 2008. “Testing Berry’s model of acculturation: A confirmatory latent class approach”. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 14, 275-285.

Scott, James. 2009. The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. New Haven and London: Yale University press.

Serres, Michel. 2012. Petite poucette. Paris: Éditions Le Pommier.

Sidanius, Jim, and Pratto, Felicia. 1999. Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Simmons, Joseph, Nelson Leif, and Simonsohn, Uri. 2011. False-positive Psychology: undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science 22, 1359-1366.

Simons, Sarah. 1901. “Social assimilation, I”. American Journal of Sociology 6, 790-822.

Smith, Charles. 2000. “Content analysis and narrative analysis”. In Harry, Reis, and Charles, Judd (eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 313-335.

Souza, Teotónio. 2000. Gilberto Freyre na India e o luso-tropicalismo transnacional. Lisboa: Centro Português de Estudos do Sudeste Asiático.

Spencer, Herbert. 1873. The study of sociology. London: Henry S. King.

Spencer, Herbert. 1855. Principles of Psychology. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans.

Spicer, Edward. 1954. “Spanish-Indian acculturation in the Southwest”. American Anthropologist 56, 663-678.

Spicer, Edward. 1958. “Social structure and cultural process in Yaqui religious acculturation”. American Anthropologist 60, 433-441.

Spivak, Gayatri. 1988. “Can the subaltern speak?.” In Cary, Nelson and Lawrence. Grossberg (Eds), Marxism and the interpretation of culture. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 271-313.

Stiegler, Bernard. 2015. “Automatic society: The future of work – Introduction”. La Deleuziana 1, 121-140.

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. 2004. Explorations in connected History: From the Tagus to the Ganges. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. 2012. The Portuguese empire in Asia, 1500– 1700: A political and economic history. Oxford, Uk: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Taft, Ronald. 2007. “Migration: Problems of adjustment and assimilation in immigrants”. In Peter, Watson (ed.), Psychology and race. NewBrunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 223-239.

Tarde, Gabriel. 1902. Psychologie économique. Tome premier. Paris: Félix Alcan.

Tarde, Gabriel. 1903. The laws of imitation. New York: Henry Holt. Originally published in 1880.

Taylor, Charles. 2012. “Interculturalism or multiculturalism? ” Philosophy & Social Criticism 38, 413-423.

Touraine, Alain. 2007. A new paradigm for understanding today’s world. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Vogt, Evon. 1955. “A study of the southwestern fiesta system as exemplified by the Laguna Fiesta”. American Anthropologist 57, 820-839.

Vygotsky, Lev. 1978. Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Originally published in 1930.

Ward, Colleen. 2001. “The A, B, Cs of acculturation”. In David, Matsumoto (ed.), Handbook of culture and Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 411-446.

Webster, Jane. 1996. “Ethnographic barbarity: Colonial discourse and Celtic warrior societies”. In Jane, Webster, and Nicholas, Cooper (eds.), Roman imperialism: Post-colonial perspectives. Leicester: School of Archaeological Studies, 111-123.

Westphal-Hellbusch, Sigrid. 1959. “Trends in Anthropology: The present situation of ethnological research in Germany”. American Anthropologist 61, 848-874.

Willems, Emilio. 1944. “Acculturation and horse complex among German- Brazilians”. American Anthropologist 46, 153-161.

Published
2017-03-31
How to Cite
Peres de Castro, J. F. (2017). Wenceslau de Morães: acculturation between ideals and life experiences. Religación, 2(5), 207-235. Retrieved from https://revista.religacion.com/index.php/religacion/article/view/77