Factores de conflicto étnico en la Federación Etíope
Resumen
Desde 1991, Etiopía ha realizado un cambio de mentalidad favoreciendo el federalismo frente al poder jerárquico centralizado para responder radicalmente al problema de la diversidad y reconocer y acomodar mejor la diversidad etnolingüística y cultural del país. Paradójicamente, en su existencia posterior a 1991, Etiopía ha experimentado más conflictos de base étnica que nunca. Entre otros, el conflicto somalí-oromo es el peor conflicto de base étnica de la historia del país. Aunque las dos comunidades tienen una larga tradición de coexistencia y una fuerte integración sociocultural debido a su identidad musulmana-cusita, su interdependencia económica y sus prácticas culturales compartidas, en las últimas tres décadas han prevalecido las relaciones antagónicas y los conflictos intermitentes debidos a la competencia por los recursos, la expansión territorial, la mala gobernanza y otros factores. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es investigar y analizar los factores del conflicto étnico a lo largo de la frontera compartida de las administraciones regionales de Somalia y Oromia, concretamente los distritos de Bable y Bobas, en el contexto del federalismo etíope. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el estudio empleó un enfoque de investigación comparativa y utilizó técnicas de entrevista con informantes clave y cuestionarios de encuesta para recopilar los datos pertinentes, y en efecto, en la sección de análisis se utilizaron métodos de interpretación y análisis de datos tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos. Las conclusiones de este estudio demuestran que el conflicto somalí-oromo es una dinámica compleja y el resultado de la interacción de factores históricos, institucionales/estructurales/políticos, económicos, socioculturales y medioambientales. Además, el resultado del estudio revela que los principales impulsores del conflicto étnico en ambas zonas son similares.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Takele Bekele Bayu
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