Central Venous Catheter: Complications
Abstract
Central venous catheters are indicated for patients requiring short or long term therapy for the administration of parenteral nutrition, medication, infusions or transfusions. The most common complications include arterial perforation due to poor placement, infections, among others, which cause serious health problems. The mythology was descriptive literature review of scientific articles, the reviewed papers were published between the years 2019-2024; a total of 643 were found in the initial search, excluding 593, finally selecting 50 articles that met the inclusion guidelines and those that gave answers to the research questions. The results gave the use of CVC is in 46% used for dialysis procedures and 23% when there is any problem during catheterization of a peripheral vein, the drawbacks for the use of this device are: Bacteremia, bleeding, embolism, pneumothorax, hemothorax, malposition, venous thrombosis and catheter migration, among the characteristics that increase the risk is the level of expertise of health personnel both in its placement and maintenance, factors specific to the device and factors related to the patient; to avoid complications should comply with aseptic techniques and use complementary means such as guided ultrasound to verify its correct insertion. To conclude, the nursing role in the maintenance of the device should be methodical and aseptic; with the development of skills and abilities for a correct use in the administration of medications, fluid therapy, parenteral nutrition or sample taking and its correct disinfection at the end of the procedures.
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