Cryptococcosis of the central nervous system in patients with HIV: literature review
Abstract
Cryptococcosis of the central nervous system in patients with HIV represents a significant clinical challenge due to its high incidence and complexity in diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, complications and treatment of cryptococcosis in patients with HIV were investigated. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using recognized platforms such as Scopus, Proquest, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis and PubMed to identify relevant studies published from 2019 to 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the quality and relevance of the reviewed literature. The results revealed a high incidence of cryptococcosis in HIV patients, with a variety of neurological clinical manifestations. Significant complications associated with antifungal treatment were identified and the importance of considering the burden of comorbidities in the evaluation and treatment of these patients was highlighted. Furthermore, it was observed that aggressive and prolonged antifungal treatment, including the administration of amphotericin B followed by maintenance therapy with fluconazole, was essential to achieve sterilization of the cerebrospinal fluid and prevent recurrences. Cryptococcosis in patients with HIV requires comprehensive, multidisciplinary care to optimize clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. The findings of this research provide crucial information to improve the understanding and management of this disease, and highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to address the associated clinical challenges, underscoring the importance of close monitoring and multidisciplinary care to optimize patient outcomes. treatment and reduce adverse effects.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abdulghani, N., & González, E. (2020). Infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. FMC, 27(3), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmc.2020.03.008
Akaihe, C., & Nweze, E. (2021). Epidemiology of Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis in Western Africa. Mycoses, 64(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13188
Beardsley, J., Sorrell, T., & Chen, S. (2019). Infecciones criptocócicas del sistema nervioso central en pacientes no infectados por el VIH. Revista de Hongos, 5(3), 71.
Cabrera, F., Invernizzi, M., Lima, A., & Jara, V. (2021). Caracterización epidemiológica de los pacientes con meningitis criptocócica asociada al VIH del Instituto de Medicina Tropical en el 2019. Rev. Cient. Cienc. Salud, 3(1), 38-44.
Castañeda, E., & Lizarazo, J. (2022). Protocolo de estudio y manejo de los pacientes con criptococosis. Infectio, 16(3), 123-145.
Chen, Y., Shi, Z., Strickland, A., & Shi, M. (2022). Infección por Cryptococcus neoformans en el sistema nervioso central: la batalla entre huésped y patógeno. Revista de Hongos, 8(10), 10-69. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101069
Díaz, P., Silva, C., & Castro, N. (2008). Criptococosis en pacientes con SIDA: manifestaciones cutáneas y sistémicas, diagnóstico y terapéutica. CES Medicina. 22(1), 79-88. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2611/261121009009.pdf
García, S., & Quintero, P. (2021). Criptococosis meníngea. Acta Neurológica Colombiana, 37(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.22379/24224022339
Grados, D., & Huarcaya, J. (2023). Relación entre ansiedad, depresión y linfocitos T CD4+ en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en un hospital general de Lima. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 86(3), 171-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v86i3-1.4972
Guambo, E., Rojas, A., Anaguano, J., & Espinoza, R. (2022). Factores de riesgo de Criptococosis en paciente inmunodeprimidos VIH. Revista Científica Mundo de la Investigación, 6(2), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/6.(2).abr.2022.309-317
Hsiao, P., Cheng, H., Kao, Y., Wang, Y., Chiu, C., & Chiang, W. (2022). Comparison of laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestation, and management of pulmonary cryptococcosis: Report of the clinical scenario and literature review. Clinica Chimica Acta, 524, 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.017
Kajeekul, R., Mekawichai, P., & Chayakulkeeree, M. (2023). Clinical Features of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in HIV-Positive and-Negative Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting. Journal of Fungi, 9(9), 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9090869
Kessel, J., Rossaert, A., Lingscheid, T., Grothe, J., Harrer, T., & Tominski, D. (2024). Survival after cryptococcosis in Germany: A retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2021. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 16(31).
Lahiri, S., Manjunath, N., Bhat, M., Hagen, F., Bahubali, V., & Palaniappan, M. (2020). Clinical insights and epidemiology of central nervous system infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complexes: A prospective study from South India. Medical mycology, 58(5), 600-608. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz097
Leal, I., Viera, N., García, D., & Riol, J. (2020). Caracterización clínica de pacientes con infecciones del sistema nervioso central en un centro de atención terciaria. Revista Cubana de Medicina, 59(3), 1-10.
López, F., Cintrón, H., Colón, X., González, H., & Castellanos J. (2017). Criptococosis del sistema nervioso central en paciente no inmunodeprimido. Revista de casos médicos, 8(9), 274-276.
McHale, T., Boulware, D., Kasibante, J., Ssebambulidde, K., Skipper, C., & Abassi, M. (2023). Diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 36(4), 156-222. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00156-22
Mohamed, S., Nyazika, T., Ssebambulidde, K., Lionakis, M., Meya, D., & Drummond, R. (2022). Infecciones por hongos del SNC en África: la neuroinmunología de la meningitis criptocócica. Fronteras en Inmunología, 13, 80-46.
Mohamed, S., & Nyazika, T. (2022). Infecciones por hongos del sistema nervioso central en África: la neuroinmunología de la meningitis criptocócica. Fronteras en Inmunología, 13, 80-74.
Momin, M., & Webb, G. (2021). The environmental effects on virulence factors and the antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(12), 6302.
Nassar, A., Rivera, N., Pulido, M., & León, L. (2021). Cryptococosis meníngea y el sistema inmune. A Propósito de un Caso. Revista Cuarzo (REC), 27(1).
Okurut, S., Boulware, D., Olobo, J., & Meya, D. (2020). Landmark clinical observations and immunopathogenesis pathways linked to HIV and Cryptococcus fatal central nervous system co-infection. Mycoses, 63(8), 840-853.
Onyema, O., & Douglas, B. (2018). Infecciones en pacientes infectados por el VIH. Manejo de infecciones en el huésped inmunodeprimido. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77674-3_13
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2024). VIH/SIDA. https://lc.cx/_AETgf
Pacheco, L. (2023). Infecciones neurológicas en pacientes con VIH como consecuencia de la afectación al sistema nervioso centra. Revista Científica de la Investigación y el Conocimiento, 7(1), 118-125.
Prével. R., Guillotin, V., Imbert, S., & Blanco, P. (2022). Central Nervous System Cryptococcosis in Patients With Sarcoidosis: Comparison With Non-sarcoidosis Patients and Review of Potential Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Fronteras en Medicina, 9, 83-68.
Sánchez, S., Zambrano, D., Martínez, G., Fernández, C., & Illnait, M. (2016). Neurocriptococosis en el contexto de la infección con el VIH en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Rev Cubana Med Trop, 68(1), 5-30.
Sheybani, F., Van, D., & Brouwer, M. (2021). Suspected Central Nervous System Infections in HIV-Infected Adults. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 74-88.
Tugume. L., Ssebambulidde, K., Kasibante, J., Ellis, J., Wake, R., & Gakuru, J. (2023). Meningitis criptocócica. Nature Reviews Cebadores de enfermedades., 9(1), 91.
Urrútia, G., & Bonfill, X. (2010). PRISMA declaration: A proposal to improve the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Med Clin, 135(11), 507-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2010.01.015
Woo, Y., & Martínez, L. (2021). Interacciones Cryptococcus neoformans-astrocitos: efecto sobre la alteración de la barrera hematoencefálica por hongos, la invasión cerebral y la progresión de la meningitis. Revisiones críticas en microbiología, 47(2), 206-223.
Wu, H., Chen, Y., & Fang, S. (2020). Clinicopathological features of isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients. Journal of International Medical Research, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060520927877
Zhao, H., Zhou, M., Zheng, Q., Zhu, M., Yang, Z., Hu, C. (2021). Clinical features and Outcomes of Cryptococcemia patients with and without HIV infection. Mycoses, 64(6), 656-667. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13261
Copyright (c) 2024 Angel Gonzalez , Francy Hollminn Salas Contreras, Ignacia Margarita Romero Galabay
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
