Desarrollo del capital humano e industrialización en Nigeria: Implicaciones para el crecimiento económico
Resumen
Este trabajo examina el papel que desempeña el capital humano en la relación entre el proceso de industrialización y el crecimiento en Nigeria durante el período comprendido entre 1980 y 2016. El marco teórico se basa en una de las nuevas teorías del crecimiento que se remontan a Lucas (1988), con énfasis en el papel del capital humano en el crecimiento. Mediante algunas modificaciones, se obtienen dos modelos de ecuaciones simultáneas, uno con el crecimiento como variable dependiente y el otro, con la industrialización como variable dependiente. El capital humano se desglosa en tasas de alfabetización masculina y femenina, esperanza de vida masculina y femenina y otras variables de control utilizadas para explicar el proceso de crecimiento e industrialización. Los mínimos cuadrados de dos etapas adoptados dan el resultado esperado en la mayoría de los casos para las estimaciones de los dos modelos. Se demuestra que el proceso de industrialización es determinante para el crecimiento económico y, asimismo, las tasas de alfabetización masculina pueden complementar el proceso industrial para mejorar el crecimiento. En la misma línea, el crecimiento estable facilita el proceso de industrialización, mientras que las variables de capital humano también desempeñan un papel relevante en el mismo proceso. La identificación del funcionamiento del Estado nigeriano sería una buena base para el paso hacia la mejora de los problemas de creación de capacidad e industrialización en Nigeria.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Jimoh Saka, Dayo Benedict Olanipekun
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