Auto-percepção do padrão de vida entre os membros de guildas agrícolas em Tungurahua, Equador
Resumo
O impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 e outros fatores externos afetaram significativamente todos os setores da economia global, especialmente o setor agrícola nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Equador. Este setor, altamente sensível a múltiplos fatores não relacionados aos conhecimentos e habilidades dos agricultores, poderia colocar em risco a produção de alimentos, as cadeias de fornecimento de alimentos e, portanto, a segurança alimentar. Além disso, esses fatores poderiam levar ao abandono das atividades agrícolas, aumentar o desemprego e a pobreza e afetar diretamente o padrão de vida e a qualidade de vida das comunidades agrícolas, particularmente as localizadas no centro do Equador. Portanto, dada a importância do setor agrícola na economia local e nacional, o presente estudo visou estabelecer as mudanças no padrão de vida nos últimos 12 meses dos membros das guildas agrícolas dos cantões de Quero, Mocha, Cevallos e Tisaleo, pertencentes à província de Tungurahua, Equador. A pesquisa tem uma abordagem quantitativa, não-experimental e transversal. Uma pesquisa foi aplicada a 284 agricultores, que preencheram um questionário confiável validado por métodos estatísticos. Este instrumento permitiu a coleta de informações demográficas, sócio-econômicas e sanitárias, componentes que nos permitem determinar a percepção dos agricultores sobre seu padrão de vida com relação aos fatores externos estudados. Os resultados indicam que as comunidades agrícolas estudadas percebem que sua saúde física e mental, bem como sua renda, foram significativamente afetadas por fatores externos, tais como falhas de safra, eventos macroeconômicos e queda nos preços de seus produtos. Esses efeitos deterioraram o padrão de vida dos agricultores nos últimos 12 meses. Esta pesquisa aponta o caminho para aumentar o interesse e o conhecimento das necessidades reais desta população específica, para que a curto prazo estas informações possam ser utilizadas para desenvolver programas e políticas de intervenção para proteger a saúde física e mental dos trabalhadores agrícolas, que constantemente enfrentam fatores e condições adversas.
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