Evaluation of the water quality. Impacts on groups and social actors in the Huacapa riverbed

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the quality of the surface water of the Huacapa river in the population of Chichihualco, state of Guerrero, to analyze the risk of contamination that the abundant population runs to the riverbed. Through a site analysis, the points with the highest water contamination were observed, information on the infrastructure and the urban layout were investigated through the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, 2020) whit which a cartography was prepared using the ArcGIS program, in which the hydrographic network and the urban layout were represented, as well as the sanitation network and its different construction phases Subsequently, a sample of surface waters was carried out and the results of analytical data were treated with the simplified index of water quality (ISQA) due to the simplicity and security of the results obtained with this method. These results were also represented cartographically (ArcGIS), obtaining the water quality along the channel, as well as the most vulnerable points and the areas most contaminated by waster and solid waste in the study area. With this, it is possible to determine the areas of greatest risk due to water discharges (fecal and solid waste in the lower bed of the channel), located on the periphery of the population and growth areas. Based on the data that are analyzed in the investigation, the degree or water that presents the causes, obtaining the groups and social actors most affected by the contamination and the degree of vulnerability that it presents due to the risk of contamination for a possible urban restructuring.