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O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) constitui uma das neoplasias mais frequentes em cães, especialmente em populações errantes. Embora o sulfato de vincristina (VS) continue sendo o tratamento de escolha, o surgimento de resistência terapêutica e efeitos adversos tem impulsionado a busca por alternativas complementares. O objetivo desta revisão foi analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre terapias alternativas e adjuvantes ao VS para o manejo clínico do TVTC, considerando sua eficácia, segurança e potencial aplicação. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva com análise sistemática, seguindo as diretrizes do modelo PRISMA 2020. A busca foi conduzida nas bases Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, ProQuest, Google Acadêmico, ResearchGate e Redalyc, mediante critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos para selecionar estudos publicados nos últimos dez anos. Os resultados demonstraram que o VS mantém taxas de regressão superiores a 90%, especialmente quando combinado com cirurgia. Entre as terapias complementares, o interferon alfa-2a, a auto-hemoterapia, os extratos de Viscum album e Thuja occidentalis, a L-asparaginase, a ivermectina, a lomustina e a vinblastina apresentaram diferentes graus de eficácia, embora nenhuma tenha superado consistentemente os resultados obtidos com o tratamento convencional. Concluiu-se que o VS permanece como a alternativa terapêutica mais eficaz para o TVTC.
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