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El cáncer de mama es actualmente la principal neoplasia que afecta a las mujeres en México, y la mastectomía continúa utilizándose de manera frecuente como parte del tratamiento. Sus efectos se extienden más allá del ámbito clínico, influyendo en la autoestima, la relación con el propio cuerpo y la vida sexual. El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión sistematizada de la literatura (2015–2025) sobre mujeres mexicanas sometidas a mastectomía, a fin de sintetizar los hallazgos disponibles, describir factores asociados (clínicos, quirúrgicos y psicosociales), identificar intervenciones reportadas y delimitar vacíos de conocimiento. Se integró evidencia cuantitativa, cualitativa y de diseño mixto. En los estudios incluidos se reportaron patrones recurrentes: disminución de la autovaloración, malestar hacia la apariencia física y alteraciones en la vida/función sexual. Estos resultados se describieron en relación con el tipo de cirugía, el acceso a reconstrucción y variables psicosociales como apoyo social, relación de pareja y recursos de afrontamiento. Asimismo, se identificaron intervenciones basadas en terapia cognitivo-conductual, mindfulness y programas psicoeducativos con resultados favorables, aunque la evidencia nacional sigue siendo limitada. En conjunto, la literatura revisada apoya la consideración sistemática de estos dominios dentro de la atención oncológica desde un enfoque biopsicosocial, incorporando constructos como autoeficacia.
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