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O câncer de mama é atualmente a principal neoplasia que afeta as mulheres no México, e a mastectomia continua sendo utilizada com frequência como parte do tratamento. Seus efeitos estendem-se para além do âmbito clínico, influenciando a autoestima, a relação com o próprio corpo e a vida sexual. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão sistematizada da literatura (2015–2025) sobre mulheres mexicanas submetidas à mastectomia, a fim de sintetizar os achados disponíveis, descrever fatores associados (clínicos, cirúrgicos e psicossociais), identificar intervenções relatadas e delimitar lacunas de conhecimento. Foram integradas evidências quantitativas, qualitativas e de métodos mistos. Nos estudos incluídos, foram relatados padrões recorrentes: diminuição da autovalorização, desconforto em relação à aparência física e alterações na vida/função sexual. Esses resultados foram descritos em relação ao tipo de cirurgia, acesso à reconstrução e variáveis psicossociais, como apoio social, relacionamento conjugal e recursos de enfrentamento. Da mesma forma, foram identificadas intervenções baseadas em terapia cognitivo-comportamental, mindfulness e programas psicoeducacionais com resultados favoráveis, embora a evidência nacional ainda seja limitada. Em conjunto, a literatura revisada apoia a consideração sistemática desses domínios no cuidado oncológico a partir de uma abordagem biopsicossocial, incorporando construtos como autoeficácia.
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