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El envejecimiento altera la composición corporal y el estado nutricional. El Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) es el referente para detectar malnutrición, pero su relación con la bioimpedancia (BIA) es poco estudiada en el ámbito rural latinoamericano. Analizar la correlación entre parámetros de BIA y el MNA en adultos mayores rurales de Cuenca, Ecuador. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se incluyeron 316 adultos mayores (≥60 años; 68,7% mujeres; edad media 74,3±7,6 años) de las parroquias rurales de Sinincay, Ricaurte y El Valle. Se evaluó la composición corporal por BIA multisegmental y el estado nutricional mediante MNA completo. Los datos se analizaron con las pruebas de Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney. El MNA reportó 43,4% en riesgo de malnutrición, 14,6% con malnutrición y 43,4% normales. No hubo correlación significativa entre los parámetros de BIA y el MNA (p>0,05), salvo para la edad cronológica (r=-0,157) y corporal (r=-0,127). Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre grupos nutricionales en masa muscular (p=0,033) y tasa metabólica basal (TMB; p=0,028); paradójicamente, el grupo desnutrido presentó mayor masa muscular (21,9±5,0kg) y TMB (1264±192 kcal/día) que el grupo en riesgo (p<0,05). Los parámetros clásicos de composición corporal por BIA no se correlacionaron significativamente con el puntaje MNA global, lo que sugiere que el MNA captura dimensiones funcionales, dietéticas y sociales no reflejadas en las medidas de BIA. Se recomienda integrar ambas herramientas para un diagnóstico nutricional integral.
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