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O envelhecimento altera a composição corporal e o estado nutricional. O Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) é a referência para detectar desnutrição, mas sua relação com a bioimpedância (BIA) é pouco estudada no contexto rural latino-americano. Analisar a correlação entre parâmetros de BIA e o MNA em idosos rurais de Cuenca, Equador. Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Foram incluídos 316 idosos (≥60 anos; 68,7% mulheres; idade média 74,3±7,6 anos) das paróquias rurais de Sinincay, Ricaurte e El Valle. Avaliou-se a composição corporal por BIA multissegmentar e o estado nutricional pelo MNA completo. Os dados foram analisados com os testes de Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis e U de Mann-Whitney. O MNA reportou 43,4% em risco de desnutrição, 14,6% com desnutrição e 43,4% normais. Não houve correlação significativa entre os parâmetros de BIA e o MNA (p>0,05), exceto para idade cronológica (r=-0,157) e idade corporal (r=-0,127). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nutricionais em massa muscular (p=0,033) e taxa metabólica basal (TMB; p=0,028); paradoxalmente, o grupo desnutrido apresentou maior massa muscular (21,9±5,0 kg) e TMB (1264±192 kcal/dia) do que o grupo em risco (p<0,05). Os parâmetros clássicos de composição corporal por BIA não se correlacionaram significativamente com o escore global do MNA, o que sugere que o MNA captura dimensões funcionais, dietéticas e sociais não refletidas nas medidas de BIA. Recomenda-se integrar ambas as ferramentas para um diagnóstico nutricional integral.
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